The Axe Forgets, But The Tree Remembers
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Tonight, we were sitting around the dinner table discussing the courage and cleverness that Ukrainians have demonstrated during 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. We’ve come to agree on the premise of the African proverb, “The Axe Forgets, But The Tree Remembers” being the significant contributing factor for Ukrainians’ strength, for the Ukrainians remembered the Holodomor.
To find out more about Holodomor, please refer to the excerpt from wikipedia, in italic, below:
This publication opens a series of articles that explain the Holodomor topic. First of all, we’ll try to find out what the Holodomor was, and what had preceded this genocide of Ukrainians and one of the biggest crimes against humanity in world history. We’ll also explain why the vital information on the Holodomor tragedy is still concealed and in whose best interest it is to keep it secret, in the video published on Oct 28, 2020, “What is the Holodomor?• Ukrainer•Museum of the Holodomor“, below:
In the video published on March 22, 2022, “How Stalin starved Ukraine“, below:
The national museum Memorial to Holodomor Victims. Though it was opened only eight years ago in Ukraine, it immediately became widely known far beyond the borders of Ukraine. The exhibits in the museum may not show the greatest artistic skills or be a high price tag, but their value exceeds the most expensive things in the world. After all, they represent the most precious thing that can be appreciated in the world – human life, in the video published on Oct 17, 2017, “Holodomor, Part 1 | Virtual Museum Tour“, below:
The Memorial to Holodomor Victims national museum was opened as a tribute to the memory of millions of Ukrainians killed by Stalin and his henchmen. The halls of this memorial are filled not with world art masterpieces, but with bitterness and pain of the Ukrainian people. At the entrance to the complex, the visitors are met with angels, who guard the souls of innocent murdered Ukrainians. Right after them is the sculpture of a little girl, which simultaneously represents millions of children and reveals a part of the mechanism of the heinous crime of the 1930s orchestrated by Stalin, in the video published on Oct 19, 2017, “Holodomor, Part 2| Virtual Museum Tour“, below:
The Holodomor, orchestrated by the Soviet government in Ukraine, was gaining momentum by the winter of 1932. Millions of doomed peasants tried to avoid starvation in different ways. But the Soviet authority did everything to stop these attempts, in the video published on Oct 18, 2017, “Holodomor, Part 3 | Virtual Museum Tour“, below:
The Holodomor (Ukrainian: Голодомо́р, romanized: Holodomor, IPA: [ɦolodoˈmɔr];[2] derived from морити голодом, moryty holodom, ‘to kill by starvation’),[a][3][4][5] also known as the Terror-Famine[6][7][8] or the Great Famine,[9] was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor famine was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932–1933 which affected the major grain-producingareas of the country.[10]
While scholars universally agree that the cause of the famine was man-made, whether or not the Holodomor constitutes a genocide remains in dispute.[11][12][13] Some historians conclude that the famine was planned and exacerbated by Joseph Stalin in order to eliminate a Ukrainian independence movement.[14][15] Others suggest that the famine arose because of rapid Soviet industrialisation and collectivization of agriculture.[16][17][18]
Ukraine was one of the largest grain-producing states in the USSR, and as a result was hit particularly hard by the famine.[10] Early estimates of the death toll by scholars and government officials vary greatly.[19] A joint statement to the United Nations signed by 25 countries in 2003 declared that 7–10 million died.[20][21] However, current scholarship estimates a range significantly lower, with 3.5 to 5 million victims.[22][23][24][25][26] The famine’s widespread impact on Ukraine persists to this day.[22]
Since 2006, the Holodomor has been recognized by Ukraine[27] alongside 15 other countries, as a genocide against the Ukrainian people carried out by the Soviet regime.[28]
Etymology
Holodomor literally translated from Ukrainian means “death by hunger”, “killing by hunger, killing by starvation”,[29] or sometimes “murder by hunger or starvation.”[17] It is a compound of the Ukrainian holod, ‘hunger‘; and mor, ‘plague‘. The expression moryty holodom means “to inflict death by hunger.” The Ukrainian verb moryty (морити) means “to poison, to drive to exhaustion, or to torment.” The perfective form of moryty is zamoryty, ‘kill or drive to death by hunger, exhausting work.’[citation needed] In English, the Holodomor has also been referred to as the artificial famine, famine genocide, terror famine, and terror-genocide.[30]
It was used in print in the 1930s in Ukrainian diaspora publications in Czechoslovakia as Haladamor[31] and by Ukrainian immigrant organisations in the United States and Canada by 1978;[32][33][34] in the Soviet Union, of which Ukraine was a constituent republic, any references to the famine were dismissed as anti-Soviet propaganda, even after de-Stalinization in 1956, until the declassification and publication of historical documents in the late 1980s made continued denial of the catastrophe unsustainable.[30]
Discussion of the Holodomor became possible as part of the glasnost policy of openness. In Ukraine, the first official use of famine was a December 1987 speech by Volodymyr Shcherbytskyi, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, on the occasion of the republic’s 70th anniversary.[35] Another early public usage in the Soviet Union was in a February 1988 speech by Oleksiy Musiyenko, Deputy Secretary for ideological matters of the party organisation of the Kyiv branch of the Union of Soviet Writers in Ukraine.[36][37]
The term holodomor may have first appeared in print in the Soviet Union on 18 July 1988, when Musiyenko’s article on the topic was published.[38]Holodomor is now an entry in the modern, two-volume dictionary of the Ukrainian language, published in 2004, described as “artificial hunger, organised on a vast scale by a criminal regime against a country’s population.”[39]
According to Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, and Kai Struve, Holodomor has been described as a “Ukrainian Holocaust”. They state that since the 1990s the term Holodomor has been widely adopted by anti-communists in order to draw parallels to the Holocaust, who use it to say that the Soviet Communists killed 10 million Ukrainians, while the Nazis killed 6 million Jews. This interpretation has been criticised by some as the Holocaust killed other targeted ethnic groups alongside Jews, bringing the death toll to around 11 million.[40] Barkan et al. state that the term Holodomor was “introduced and popularized by the Ukrainian diaspora in North America before Ukraine became independent” and that the term ‘Holocaust’ in reference to the famine “is not explained at all.”[41]
History
Scope and duration
The famine affected the Ukrainian SSR as well as the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (a part of the Ukrainian SSR at the time) in spring 1932[42] and from February to July 1933,[43] with the most victims recorded in spring 1933. The consequences are evident in demographic statistics: between 1926 and 1939, the Ukrainian population increased by only 6.6%, whereas Russia and Belarus grew by 16.9% and 11.7%, respectively.[44][45]
From the 1932 harvest, Soviet authorities were able to procure only 4.3 million tons as compared with 7.2 million tons obtained from the 1931 harvest.[46] Rations in towns were drastically cut back, and in winter 1932–33 and spring 1933, people in many urban areas starved.[47] Urban workers were supplied by a rationing system and therefore could occasionally assist their starving relatives in the countryside, but rations were gradually cut. By spring 1933, urban residents also faced starvation. At the same time, workers were shown agitprop movies depicting peasants as counterrevolutionaries who hid grain and potatoes at a time when workers, who were constructing the “bright future” of socialism, were starving.[48]
The first reports of mass malnutrition and deaths from starvation emerged from two urban areas of the city of Uman, reported in January 1933 by Vinnytsia and Kyiv oblasts. By mid-January 1933, there were reports about mass “difficulties” with food in urban areas, which had been undersupplied through the rationing system, and deaths from starvation among people who were refused rations, according to the December 1932 decree of the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Communist Party. By the beginning of February 1933, according to reports from local authorities and Ukrainian GPU (secret police), the most affected area was Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, which also suffered from epidemics of typhus and malaria. Odessa and Kyiv oblasts were second and third, respectively. By mid-March, most of the reports of starvation originated from Kyiv Oblast.[citation needed]
By mid-April 1933, Kharkov Oblast reached the top of the most affected list, while Kiev, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Vinnytsia, and Donetsk oblasts, and Moldavian SSR were next on the list. Reports about mass deaths from starvation, dated mid-May through the beginning of June 1933, originated from raions in Kiev and Kharkov oblasts. The “less affected” list noted Chernihiv Oblast and northern parts of Kyiv and Vinnytsia oblasts. The Central Committee of the CP(b) of Ukraine Decree of 8 February 1933 said no hunger cases should have remained untreated.[49] The Ukrainian Weekly, which was tracking the situation in 1933, reported the difficulties in communications and the appalling situation in Ukraine.[citation needed]
Local authorities had to submit reports about the numbers suffering from hunger, the reasons for hunger, number of deaths from hunger, food aid provided from local sources, and centrally provided food aid required. The GPU managed parallel reporting and food assistance in the Ukrainian SSR. Many regional reports and most of the central summary reports are available from present-day central and regional Ukrainian archives.[50] The Ukrainian Weekly, which was tracking the situation in 1933, reported the difficulties in communications and the appalling situation in Ukraine.[citation needed]
Gathered, written, and posted by Windermere Sun-Susan Sun Nunamaker More about the community at www.WindermereSun.com
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