Dear Friends & Neighbors,

Satellite image of the Great Barrier Reef (presented at: WindermereSun.com)

The green sea turtle at the Great Barrier Reef (attribution: Nize at English Wikipedia, presented at: WindermereSun.com)

Graph based on the comparison of atmospheric CO2 has increased since the industrial revolution (attribution: Vostok ice core data J.R. Petit et al NOAA, presented at: WindermereSun.com)

Muir Glacier (presented at: WindermereSun.com)

New normal of sea ice (presented at: WindermereSun.com)

Polar bear crosses Arctic Sea facing shorter sea ice season (presented at: WindermereSun.com)

Thawed area under Greenland ice sheet (presented at: WindermereSun.com)

(Please click on red links & note magenta)

New analysis of the first Great Barrier Reef samples covering the time 22,000 to 19,000 years ago was providing valuable insights for climate models and ice sheet dynamics, with the help of additional details to that time period. Associate Professor Jody Webster of the University of Sydney was part of the research team led by Professor Yusuke Yokoyama of the University of Tokyo which divided the Last Glacial Maximum into two distinct periods:

• Period A: 30,000 to 21,500 years ago, the sea level was relatively stable
• Period B: 21,000 to 17,000 years ago, the sea level was unstable with large, rapid fluctuations

The lead author of the research paper published in Nature on July 26, 2018, Professor Yokoyama, said, “This challenges the paradigm that glacier size can only change slowly, because rapid sea level changes mean water must melt or freeze rapidly.”

21,000 years ago, the rapid drop in sea level observed was particularly striking because it contradicted the current understanding of this period. The rapid shifts in the size of the ancient glaciers were very significant with regard to modern climate change and its impacts.

A team of reef scientists from Spain, Japan, and the United States, led by Associate Professor Jody Webster from the University of Sydney interpreted ecological data tracking reef habitat depth, and therefore relative sea level, over time. This information  combined with radiometric data and used by Professor Yokoyama and his team to model fluctuations in the vertical position of the seafloor caused by changes in water or ice volume. The combined results clarified ice sheet dynamics during the poorly understood  Last Glacial Maximum period.

Associate Professor Webster said, “Fossil coral reefs were very sensitive to environmental changes, so by examining the biological assemblages in the cores we were able to reconstruct how ancient water depths changed through time.”

Professor Yokoyama added, “Current models of glaciers dynamics may be too conservative. The possibility of rapid increases or decreases in sea level should be considered.”

You may be interested in reading about various articles Windermere Sun has on:

• going solar
• electric vehicle
• recycling
• the future of protein
• Toasted Windermere Has Impossible Burgers!
• Fleet Farming Helps To Slow Down Climate Change Via Development of Farmlettes
  Gathered, written, and posted by Windermere Sun-Susan Sun Nunamaker
  More about the community at www.WindermereSun.com

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