U.S. National Debt, A Closer Look
Dear Friends & Neighbors,

U.S. National Debt public/intergovernmental (attribution/source: U.S. Treasury, presented at: WindermereSun.com)

U.S. National Debt, quarterly (Attribution: FRED, presented at: WindermereSun.com)

U.S. National Debt, as a percent of GDP (Attribution: FRED, presented at: WindermereSun.com)

Treasury Building rear view, in Washington DC, building is a historic landmark (attribution: AgnosticPreachersKid, presented at: WindermereSun.com)

U.S. Capitol building at dusk (attribution: Martin Falbisoner (1978-), presented at: WindermereSun.com)

U.S. Capitol building at night (attribution: Martin Falbisoner (1978-), presented at: WindermereSun.com)

U.S. Capitol building (attribution: Martin Falbisoner (1978-), presented at: WindermereSun.com)

(Please click on red links & note magenta)
Recently, there’s been a wide range of reports regarding U.S. national debt. Since these reports (some only referenced to public debt while others included public and gross federal debt) varied , I’ve decided to visit the U.S. Treasury Department and CBO (Congressional Budget Office) websites ( at: https://home.treasury.gov/ & https://www.cbo.gov/ respectively) to get a more clear picture of what is really going on. And this is what I found from the U.S. Treasury Department, (search for national debt) below:
The term national debt refers to direct liabilities of the United States Government. There are several different concepts of debt that are at various times used to refer to the national debt:
- Public debt is defined as public debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. U. S. Treasury securities primarily consist of marketable Treasury securities (i.e., bills, notes and bonds), savings bonds and special securities issued to state and local governments. A portion is debt held by the public and a portion is debt held by government accounts.
- Debt held by the public excludes the portion of the debt that is held by government accounts.
- Gross federal debt is made up of public debt securities and a small amount of securities issued by government agencies.
Debt held by the public is the most meaningful of these concepts and measures the cumulative amount outstanding that the government has borrowed to finance deficits.
The Bureau of Fiscal Service publishes on its website, TreasuryDirect.gov:
- Daily Public Debt Totals where you can search by a specific date. As of 6/27/2018, with regard to U.S., (Debt Held by the Public: $15,449,872,082,325.55; Intergovernmental Holdings: $5,682,594,916,023.15; Total Public Debt Outstanding: $21,132,466,998,348.70)
- Monthly Statement of the Public Debt
- FAQs about the public debt.
- Full listing of public debt reports
The Financial Management Service publishes:
- Monthly Treasury Statement of Receipts and Outlays of the United States Government (MTS) – released on the 14th workday of the month following the reporting month.
Also see Treasury’s Debt Limit page
Additional statistics on the public debt may be found in:
In fact, there is actually a clock that keeps track of our U.S. Debt in real time, just click HERE to view the clock (don’t view it if your heart can’t take it). Yes, our national debt is over $21 trillion by 6/28/2018.
Let’s take a look at what wikipedia has on the subject of national debt of the United States, in italics, below:
The national debt of the United States is the public debt carried by the federal government of the United States, which is measured as the face value of the currently outstanding Treasury securities that have been issued by the Treasury and other federal government agencies. The terms national deficit and national surplus usually refer to the federal government budget balance from year to year, not the cumulative amount of debt. A deficit year increases the debt, while a surplus year decreases the debt as more money is received than spent.
There are two components of gross national debt:
- Debt held by the public, such as Treasury securities held by investors outside the federal government, including those held by individuals, corporations, the Federal Reserve System, and foreign, state and local governments.
- Debt held by government accounts or intragovernmental debt, are non-marketable Treasury securities held in accounts of programs administered by the federal government, such as the Social Security Trust Fund. Debt held by government accounts represents the cumulative surpluses, including interest earnings, of various government programs that have been invested in Treasury securities.
In general, government debt increases as a result of government spending, and decreases from tax or other receipts, both of which fluctuate during the course of a fiscal year. In practice, Treasury securities are not issued or redeemed on a day-by-day basis, and may also be issued or redeemed as part of the federal government’s macroeconomic management operations.
Historically, the US public debt as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) has increased during wars and recessions, and subsequently declined. The ratio of debt to GDP may decrease as a result of a government surplus or due to growth of GDP and inflation. For example, debt held by the public as a share of GDP peaked just after World War II (113% of GDP in 1945), but then fell over the following 35 years. In recent decades, aging demographics and rising healthcare costs have led to concern about the long-term sustainability of the federal government‘s fiscal policies. The aggregate, gross amount that Treasury can borrow is limited by the United States debt ceiling.
(Be wary of the paragraph below)
As of April 30, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.3 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total or “National Debt” of $21 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then Japan (about $1.06 trillion).
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I have serious problem with the reporting based only on public debt/GDP ratio (in bold print in the above paragraph and in many newspapers). Such reporting is only acceptable if one is expecting to stiff all of those who have already paid into the social security system.
If one uses the actual total National Debt/GDP ratio, United States national debt has already surpassed the GDP in 2017, therefore Debt/GDP ratio was already over 100%. In 2017, U.S. National Debt was already close to $20 trillion by Feb. of 2017, according to the clock back in Feb. of 2017. In 2017, U.S. GDP was $19,754.1 billion or $19.75 trillion during the fourth quarter of 2017, according to U.S. Department of Commerce-Bureau of Economic Analysis. What is most likely to happen in decades to come is inflation, a common method for many governments to inflate away the debt historically. Don’t worry, if the inflation rate is about 2.8% per year (some may argue that a lower rate would suffice), after 25 years, national debt will no longer be an issue. Some additional alternatives in solving the problem: cutting federal spending, delaying retirement, reducing cost of healthcare or increasing efficiency of healthcare expenditure. As long as the U.S. government will take the problem seriously (actually doing something about it), it will be all right. The question is: will the U.S. government take the problem of national debt seriously? Perhaps we can learn from the 9th video below on “How did CANADA avoid BANKRUPTCY?” below (via decrease in military spending and companies’ subsidies).
For better understanding of U.S. National Debt, let’s take a look at these videos below
- Understanding the National Debt and Budget Deficit from 2012, below:
2. The U.S. National Debt Explained, from 2016, below:
Gathered, written, and posted by Windermere Sun-Susan Sun Nunamaker
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